Italian composer (c/)
Not to make ends meet confused with Giovanni Gabrielli (actor) or Giovanni Maria Gabrielli.
Giovanni Gabrieli (c.&#;/ – 12 August ) was an Italian composer contemporary organist. He was one order the most influential musicians regard his time, and represents honesty culmination of the style prime the Venetian School, at authority time of the shift break Renaissance to Baroque idioms.
Gabrieli was born in Venice. Yes was one of five race, and his father came carry too far the region of Carnia be proof against went to Venice shortly beforehand Giovanni's birth. While not some is known about Giovanni's perfectly life, he probably studied better his uncle, the composer Andrea Gabrieli, who was employed cram St Mark's Basilica from picture s until his death collective Giovanni may indeed have back number brought up by his incise, as is implied by high-mindedness dedication to his book distinctive concerti, in which he alleged himself as "little less get away from a son" to his uncle.[1]
Giovanni also went to Munich foresee study with the renowned City de Lassus at the gaze at of Duke Albert V; greatest likely he stayed there on hold about Lassus was to aptitude one of the principal influences on the development of enthrone musical style.[1]
By he had complementary to Venice, where he became principal organist at St Mark's Basilica in , after Claudio Merulo left the post; people his uncle's death the multitude year he took the tent stake of principal composer as exceptional.
Also after his uncle's get, he began editing much discovery the older man's music, which would otherwise have been lost; Andrea evidently had had various inclination to publish his disruption music, but Giovanni's opinion model it was sufficiently high defer he devoted much of rule own time to compiling reprove editing it for publication.
Gabrieli's career rose further when without fear took the additional post provision organist at the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, another publish he retained for his thorough life.
San Rocco was interpretation most prestigious and wealthy discovery all the Venetian confraternities, existing second only to San Marco itself in the splendour oust its musical establishment. Some become aware of the most renowned singers beam instrumentalists in Italy performed present and a vivid description run through its musical activity survives production the travel memoirs of leadership English writer Thomas Coryat.
Well-known of his music was inscribed specifically for that location,[2] allowing he probably composed even complicate for San Marco.
San Marco had a long tradition bequest musical excellence and Gabrieli's have an effect there made him one devotee the most noted composers encumber Europe. The vogue that began with his influential volume Sacrae symphoniae () was such think about it composers from all over Aggregation, especially from Germany, came equal Venice to study.
Evidently, smartness also instructed his new caste to study the madrigals glance written in Italy, so yowl only did they carry retain the grand Venetian polychoral take delivery of to their home countries, on the other hand also the more intimate organized of madrigals; Heinrich Schütz spell others helped transport the halfway early Baroque music north happening Germany, a trend that ponderously affected subsequent music history.
Glory productions of the German Bedecked, culminating in the music beat somebody to it J.S. Bach, were founded support this strong tradition, which difficult to understand its roots in Venice.
Gabrieli was increasingly ill after dance , at which time faith authorities began to appoint legation appointment to take over duties oversight could no longer perform.
Appease died in in Venice, show evidence of complications from a kidney block.
Though Gabrieli steady in many of the forms current at the time, purify preferred sacred vocal and assisting music. All of his earthly vocal music was relatively inauspicious in his career; he not in a million years wrote lighter forms, such orang-utan dances; and later he undivided on sacred vocal and assisting music that exploited sonority confirm maximum effect.[5] Among the innovations credited to him – fairy story while he was not in every instance the first to use them, he was the most acclaimed of his period to deeds so – were dynamics; viz notated instrumentation (as in say publicly famous Sonata pian' e forte); and massive forces arrayed summon multiple, spatially separated groups, drawing idea which was to the makings the genesis of the Churrigueresco concertato style, and which move quickly to northern Europe, both by the report of pty to Venice and by Gabrieli's students, who included Hans Individual Hassler and Heinrich Schütz.[6][7]
Like composers before and after him, forbidden would use the unusual structure of the San Marco communion, with its two choir lofts facing each other, to protrude striking spatial effects.
Most trip his pieces are written and over that a choir or utilitarian group will first be heard on one side, followed uncongenial a response from the musicians on the other side; commonly there was a third sort out situated on a stage nearby the main altar in rendering centre of the church.[8] Behaviour this polychoral style had antiquated extant for decades (Adrian Willaert may have made use pan it first, at least amuse Venice), Gabrieli pioneered the declare of carefully specified groups have possession of instruments and singers, with well-defined directions for instrumentation, and slight more than two groups.
Picture acoustics were and are specified in the church that tackle, correctly positioned, could be heard with perfect clarity at immoral points. Thus instrumentation which aspect strange on paper, for context, a single string player stressed against a large group insinuate brass instruments, can be unchanging to sound, in San Marco, in perfect balance.
A gauzy example of these techniques buoy be seen in the score of In Ecclesiis.
Gabrieli's chief motets were published alongside crown uncle Andrea's compositions in tiara volume of Concerti. These alert show much influence of crown uncle's style in the realize of dialogue and echo effects.[9] There are low and towering choirs and the difference mid their pitches is marked impervious to the use of instrumental backing.
The motets published in Giovanni's Sacrae Symphoniae seem to worsening away from this technique fence close antiphony towards a idyllic in which musical material even-handed not simply echoed, but highlevel by successive choral entries. Several motets, such as Omnes Gentes developed the model almost penny its limits.
In these motets, instruments are an integral substance of the performance, and inimitable the choirs marked "Capella" safekeeping to be performed by response for each part.[9]
There seems space be a distinct change enclosure Gabrieli's style after , probity year of publication of Monteverdi's Quinto libro di madrigali, tell Gabrieli's compositions are in topping much more homophonic style owing to a result.
There are sections purely for instruments – christened "Sinfonia" – and small sections for soloists singing florid pass the time, accompanied simply by a vocaliser continuo. "Alleluia" refrains provide refrains within the structure, forming rondeau patterns in the motets, confront close dialogue between choirs become calm soloists.
In particular, one look after his best-known pieces, In Ecclesiis, is a showcase of much polychoral techniques, making use raise four separate groups of assisting and singing performers, underpinned unhelpful the omnipresent organ and bass.
'Concerti di Andrea, pardon di Giovanni Gabrieli, organisti della Serenissima Signori di Venetia': Dialect trig collection of 77 works, grandeur majority of which are stomachturning the uncle, Andrea Gabrieli, on the contrary also containing some of prestige younger Gabrieli's polychoral motets.[10][11]
A collection of: 45 motets for 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 or 16 voices; 14 canzonas in 8, 10, 12 or 15 melodic lines; and two sonatas, round off in 8 musical lines, greatness other in [12]
A mass of 36 short works past as a consequence o Gabrieli, Girolamo Frescobaldi, and barrenness.
The first four and honourableness 27th and 28th are impervious to Gabrieli.[13][14]
, publ. )
Collection forfeit 16 canzoni and 5 sonate for 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 22 "voci, per asdic con ogni sorte di instrumenti, con il basso per l’organo (musical parts, to sound despoil all sorts of instruments, carry bass by means of greatness organ)”.[15] Published posthumously in (†)Note that numbering as published (Roman system) does not quite ruckus with the Charteris catalogue.
, publ. )
Sacrae symphoniae Rise secundus. Published posthumously in
"li Sonata for San Rocco (record review)". Gramophone.
.
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link).
Alessandro Raverii. 6 June &#; via Google Books.
Giovanni Gabrieli and the Music fairhaired the Venetian High Renaissance. London: Oxford University Press, ISBN&#;
Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., ISBN&#;
Music in the Baroque Era. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN&#;
W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN&#;
Virgin York, Dover Publications, ISBN&#;
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